Funded by USAID and implemented between 2003 and 2007 in Mombasa County by ICRHK in partnership with Population Council, this intervention study tests strategies to improve adherence to HAART and examines the broader behavioral, social, and economic impacts of ARV introduction.

The study includes a modified directly observed therapy (DAART) strategy, alongside nested observational studies on high-risk behavior, stigma, economic impact, and cost analysis.

Research objectives:

• Improve adherence to HAART through a directly observed therapy strategy.
• Assess changes in sexual risk behavior among people living with HIV.
• Measure stigma and discrimination experienced by people on HAART.
• Evaluate the economic impact of ARVs on households, including income, consumption, and resource allocation.

Impact

The study generated critical evidence on adherence strategies, risk behaviors, stigma, and the socioeconomic impact of ARVs. These findings informed Kenya’s national HIV policy guidelines and strengthened program approaches for HAART delivery.

Scientific Outputs and Knowledge Sharing
Results from the intervention and nested studies were translated into scientific publications and presented at national and international conferences, contributing to the global evidence base on HIV treatment adherence, stigma reduction, and the socioeconomic impact of ARV use.